Migrants’ Quotidian Lived Experiences and Ethnic Capital: A Comparative Case Study of Hong Kong British National (Overseas) Migrants in the UK How Do Ethnic Identities and Networks Affect Hong Kong Families' Educational Trajectories After Migration to the UK?
Main Article Content
Abstract
Whilst a considerable number of Hong Kong parent and schoolaged youth migrants have relocated to the UK, little is known about their familial migration and educational trajectories after migration. This qualitative study addresses this gap by examining the pertinent lived experiences of Hong Kong migrants. The study draws on data gathered from semi-structured interviews with two Hong Kong migrant families, as well as diaries and social network maps provided by the participants. The findings reveal that ethnic networks and ethnic norms are identified as two significant forms of ethnic capital, which can be leveraged to obtain educational information, facilitate adaptation to the new educational context, and shape migrant youths’ aspirations. It is important to note, however, that certain ethnic networks and norms may be perceived as ethnic deficits, potentially hindering Hong Kong migrants’ development in the UK, particularly in relation to their integration into the host society.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Chan, C. (2021). Can Hong Kong remain a liberal enclave within China? Analysis of the Hong Kong national security law. University of Hong Kong faculty of law research paper no. 2021/005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3956272
Home office (2004). Safe and legal (humanitarian) routes to the UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/immigration-systemstatistics-year-ending-june-2024/safe-and-legal-humanitarian-routes-to-the-uk#british-national-overseas-bno-route (Accessed 2024-03-06).
Waters, J.L. (2005). Transnational family strategies and education in the contemporary Chinese diaspora. Global networks, 5(4), 359–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2005.00124.x
Lareau, A. (2011). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. 2nd ed. University of california press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520949904
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of capital. In Richardson, J.G. (ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood press.
Lee, J. & Zhou, M. (2015). The Asian American achievement paradox. Sage.
Skeldon, R. (ed.) (2015). Reluctant exiles: Migration from Hong Kong and the new overseas Chinese. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315483139
Scottish parliament. S6W-18389 (2023). https://www.parliament.scot/chamber-and-
committees/questions-and-answers/question?ref=S6W-18389 (Accessed 2024-06-05).
Wong, J.M.S. & Rao, N. (2015). The evolution of early childhood education policy in Hong Kong. International journal of child care and education policy, 9, 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40723-015-0006-y
Cheung, S. (2018, June 6). Tip for Hong Kong parents: ‘winning at the starting line’ is so yesterday. South China morning post.
Tam, H., Kwok, S.Y.C.L. & Hui, A.N.N., Chan, D.K.Y, Leung, C., Leung, J., Lo, H. & Lai, S. (2021). The significance of emotional intelligence to students’ learning motivation and academic achievement: A study in Hong Kong with a Confucian heritage. Children and youth services review, 121, 105847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105847
Lim, H.J. (2023). East Asian mothers’ attitudes towards their children’s education in England: dialectics of East Asian and English education. Journal of family studies, 29(4), 1722–1743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2022.2076605
Zhou, M. (1997). Segmented assimilation: Issues, controversies, and recent research on the new second generation. The international migration review, 31(4), 975–1008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100408
Archer, L. & Francis, B. (2006). Understanding minority ethnic achievement. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203968390
Lee, J. & Zhou, M. (2014). The success frame and achievement paradox: The costs and consequences for Asian Americans. Race and social problems, 6, 38–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-014-9112-7
Inglis, C. & Wu, C.T. (2015). The Hong Kong Chinese in Sydney. In Skeldon, R. (ed.), Reluctant exiles: Migration from Hong Kong and the new overseas Chinese (pp. 197– 214). Routledge.
Sardinha, J. (2009). Immigrant associations, Integration and identity: Angolan, Brazilian and Eastern European communities in Portugal. Amsterdam university press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5117/9789089640369
Liang, H., Wang, Z. & Wu, W. (2022). The effect of shadow education on Hong Kong student wellbeing: Evidence from PISA 2018. Frontiers in psychology, 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860179
Siu, A.M.H. (2019). Self-harm and suicide among children and adolescents in Hong Kong: A review of prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies. Journal of adolescent health, 64(6), 59–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.004